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K4 Nouns etc.
2012-Jun-30, Saturday 19:34First, there are some changes to the verb: mainly a matter of which things are 0-marked. The KS- marker is now a prefix while the stative aspect for static verbs and the retrospective aspect for dynamic verbs are 0-marked.
Bivalent nouns take suffixes marking the possessor. These are the same as the verb's object suffixes and for 3rd person, which is 0-marked, the possessor (an absolutive noun phrase) follows the possessum. Univalent nouns don't have possessors unless marked with an h/a- prefix, in which case they act like bivalent nouns. There's no longer a genitive case. Example: |asfarmo| (a-sifar-mo) "our house".
Nouns aren't further marked, but the case markers (ergative and dative), determiners (definite article, specific article, cataphoric article, demonstrative, and content question determiner), some quantifiers (such as the j/y/i- singular marker), and the generic marker (w/v/o-) are clitics; these tend to combine into a single word preceding the noun. For example, |bené sifar| "at the house" (be=ne=j) and gwa=j=w=bo "what kind of place" as in |mé magwaybo?| "What kind of place are we at?" (Note: ma = iNclusive Plural, mé is present tense. Actually, I'm still not sure about this example.) And I should say, "and sometimes including the noun".
There's a dummy noun n(o), used to form pronouns from determiners and quantifiers: |nen| "they", |nén| "he/she/it", |sin| "these/those", |sín| "this/that", |gwan| approximately "who(m)", and |gón| approximately "what" (gwa=w=no). These last 2 are not actually human and non-human, but specific and generic.
Bivalent nouns take suffixes marking the possessor. These are the same as the verb's object suffixes and for 3rd person, which is 0-marked, the possessor (an absolutive noun phrase) follows the possessum. Univalent nouns don't have possessors unless marked with an h/a- prefix, in which case they act like bivalent nouns. There's no longer a genitive case. Example: |asfarmo| (a-sifar-mo) "our house".
Nouns aren't further marked, but the case markers (ergative and dative), determiners (definite article, specific article, cataphoric article, demonstrative, and content question determiner), some quantifiers (such as the j/y/i- singular marker), and the generic marker (w/v/o-) are clitics; these tend to combine into a single word preceding the noun. For example, |bené sifar| "at the house" (be=ne=j) and gwa=j=w=bo "what kind of place" as in |mé magwaybo?| "What kind of place are we at?" (Note: ma = iNclusive Plural, mé is present tense. Actually, I'm still not sure about this example.) And I should say, "and sometimes including the noun".
There's a dummy noun n(o), used to form pronouns from determiners and quantifiers: |nen| "they", |nén| "he/she/it", |sin| "these/those", |sín| "this/that", |gwan| approximately "who(m)", and |gón| approximately "what" (gwa=w=no). These last 2 are not actually human and non-human, but specific and generic.
