project Gamma: Inflectional Morphology

[qiihoskeh]

This supercedes the previous Morphology post ... and is already somewhat out of date. Last edited: 2006.Feb.12 Sat

The order of morphemes is:

Lexical Verbs	Ditransitive	P-V-A-TAM-(dvStem)-(Incorp)-D-L-I
	Transitive	P-V-TAM-(mvStem)-(Incorp)-D-L-I|A
	Intransitive	P-TAM-(ivStem)-(Incorp)-D-L
		TAM-(ivStem)-(Incorp)-D-L-I|A
Lexical Nouns	Transitive	P-V-(mnStem)-G|I|A
	Intransitive	P-(inStem)
		(inStem)-G|I|A

Actant Affixes

Actant Affixes

		S	P	R	N	Uns	H	T
P-	1X-	mi-/myo-	ma-/moo-
	2X-	ri-/ryo-, e-	za-/zoo-, aa-
	2H-		ta-/too-, taa-
	3X-	i-/yo-, ke-	a-/oo-, kaa-		-/uu-
A-	3A-	ki-	ka-	ko-	k-	-
-A	-3A	-ki	-ka	-ko	-k	-
-I	-3I	-li	-la	-lo	-l	-
-L	-3L			-s	-		-t(o)	-s(o)
-G	-IG	-i	-a	-	-e	-xi

The forms after the slashes are the actants combined with inverse voice.
The forms after the commas are the imperative forms.
1X* goes in the A- slot when both that and 2X* are present.

Indefinite Arguments: 3XN-, -3AN, -3IN, -IGN

The phrase (which usually appears, otherwise this isn't much different from UnP-, -UnA, -UnI, -Uns) is interpreted as being Indefinite. The phrase doesn't need an article, but may need to distinguish number.

Deleted Arguments: UnP-, -UnA, -UnI, Uns

The argument isn't expressed.

Possibly combine 3XN-, -3AN, -3IN, -IGN with UnP-, -UnA, -UnI, -Uns, respectively. The meaning would be determined by the presence or absence of a coreferential phrase.

Definite Arguments: 3XS-, 3XP-, -3AS, -3AP, -3IS, -3IP, -IGS, -IGP

The phrase (if it appears) is interpreted as being definite. Neither article nor number are needed.

Coreferential Arguments: -3AR, -3IR, -3LR

Reference Other Argument: ROA-

Situational Argument: -Aux

The following word is interpreted as either a complement verb or an infinitive

Current Location: -3LH

The situation involves the current location of the speech-act participants.

Definite Location: -3LT

The situation involves some definite location other than the current one. It may be specified by a Location phrase.

Indefinite Location: -3LN/UnL

The location is either indefinite (and may be specified by a Location phrase) or irrelevent.

Actant Suffix Combinations

This is the part that's the most out of date.

Actant Suffix Combinations

	IS	IP	IN	IR	UnI	Aux
AS	-kitli	-kitla	-kitlo	-kitl	-tki	-satki	LH
AP	-katli	-katla	-katlo	-katl	-tka	-satka
AN	-kotli	-kotla	-kotlo	-kotl	-tko	-satko
AR	-tlik	-tlak	-tlok		-tk	-satk
UnA	-tli	-tla	-tlo	-tl	-to	-sato
AS	-kisli	-kisla	-kislo	-kisl	-ski	-saski	LT
AP	-kasli	-kasla	-kaslo	-kasl	-ska	-saska
AN	-kosli	-kosla	-koslo	-kosl	-sko	-sasko
AR	-slik	-slak	-slok		-sk	-sask
UnA	-sli	-sla	-slo	-sl	-to	-saso
AS	-kili	-kila	-kilo	-kil	-ki	-saki	LN/UnL
AP	-kali	-kala	-kalo	-kal	-ka	-saka
AN	-koli	-kola	-kolo	-kol	-ko	-sako
AR	-lik	-lak	-lok		-k	-sak
UnA	-li	-la	-lo	-l	-s	-sa
AS	-kilis	-kilas	-kilos		-kis	-sakis	LR
AP	-kalis	-kalas	-kalos		-kas	-sakas
AN	-kolis	-kolas	-kolos		-kos	-sakos
AR
UnA	-lis	-las	-los		-s	-sas

Incorporation

A lexical verb may incorporate a lexical noun (the noun follows the verb and takes the accent) if the noun is used with a general meaning. The corresponding argument is often unspecified, but not always -- a more specific argument can be given.

Grammatical Voice

Direct (not marked)
Inverse
Reciprocal
Reflexive (preempts Animate object)

Direction

at (not marked), to, from, via

Tense, Aspect, and Mood