Noimi Notes, Orthography/Phonology
2005-Aug-05, Friday 15:17![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
qiihoskehI've decided to upload some of my raw notes to LJ. As such, they will be pretty cryptic. Also, further editing may be done, in some cases without mention.
The values given are approximate. There may be additional phones occuring as
allophones or variants.
The voiceless nasals are fricative (as is the voiceless lateral).
[ts)] is probably an allophone of /s/.
Diacritics are used only to indicate accentuation.
(Diphthongs and long vowels not included yet)
Any consonant cluster ending in |l|, |w|, or |y| can be followed only by a
vowel.
The consonants |hl|, |hm|, |hny|, |hn|, |hy|, |ny|, |qc|, |qk|, |qp|, |qt|,
|qz|, and |q| are long; all the others are short.
--- What about long fricatives? ---
This gives 5 long vowels and from 6 to 10 diphthongs.
Each short consonant counts as 0 moras before a vowel, and as 1 mora otherwise.
Each long consonant counts as 1 mora before a vowel, and as 2 moras otherwise.
Each vowel counts as 1 mora.
Syllables ending in R are never followed by voiceless onsets and those ending
in K or a voiceless fricative are never followed by voiced onsets.
Additionally, a word can begin with a non-syllabic mora.
No more than 2 consecutive consonantal moras can occur medially, and no more
than 1 initially or finally.
State Diagram for Moric Types
* h, y, or hy, for onsets, codas, and geminates, respectively.
Whether (row label) can be followed by (column label)
Notes On A New Language Project "Noimi"
ZPhon.TXT -- by qiihoskeh
2005.Jun.30 -- file started
2005.Jul.27 -- current
A Proposed Phonology and Orthography
PHONETIC SYMBOLS (CXS)
The values given are approximate. There may be additional phones occuring as
allophones or variants.
Consonants | stops affricat. fricat. nasal lateral aprx.
| VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd Vd
--------------+-------------------------------------------------
bilabial | p b m_0 m
labiodental | f
dental | t d n_0 n K l
alveolar | ts) s
postalveolar | tS) dZ) S Z
palatal | C J_0 J j
velar | k g x N_0 N
labiovelar | w
glottal | ? h
Aspiration is expressed using [_h] after the consonant phone.The voiceless nasals are fricative (as is the voiceless lateral).
[ts)] is probably an allophone of /s/.
Vowels
| front central back [o] is somewhat rounded;
------------+--------------------- the others are unrounded.
high | i
high, lax | I\
close-mid | o
(open-)mid | E
low | a
ORTHOGRAPHY
Diacritics are used only to indicate accentuation.
(Diphthongs and long vowels not included yet)
|a| [a]
|bl| [bl]
|by| [bj]
|br| [bZ]
|b| [b]
|c| [tS)] before vowel, else [tS)_h]
|dw| [dw]
|d| [d]
|e| [e]
|ff| [f:]
|f| [f]
|gl| [gl]
|gw| [g_w]
|gy| [g_j]
|g| [g]
|hl| [K:]
|hm| [m_0:]
|hny| [J_0:]
|hn| [N_0:] before |k| or |g|, else [n_0:]
|hy| [C:]
|h| [C] before |i|, else [h] before other vowel, else [x]
|i| [i]
|j| [dZ)]
|kl| [kl]
|kw| [k_w]
|ky| [k_j]
|k| [k] before vowel, else [k_h]
|l| [l]
|m| [m]
|ny| [J:]
|n| [N] before |k| or |g|, else [n]
|o| [o]
|pl| [pl]
|py| [pj]
|p| [p] before vowel, else [p_h]
? |qc| [t:S)] |tc|
? |qkl| [k:l] |kkl|
? |qkw| [k:_w] |kkw|
? |qky| [k:_j] |kky|
? |qk| [k:] |kk|
? |qpl| [p:l] |ppl|
? |qpy| [p:j] |ppy|
? |qp| [p:] |pp|
? |qtw| [t:w] |ttw|
? |qt| [t:] |tt|
? |qz| [t:s)] |tz|
|q| [?:]
|r| [Z]
|ss| [s:]
|s| [s]
|tw| [tw]
|t| [t] before vowel, else [t_h]
|u| [I\]
|w| [w]
|xx| [S:]
|x| [S]
|y| [j] before vowel, else [C]
|z| [ts)]
Any consonant cluster ending in |l|, |w|, or |y| can be followed only by a
vowel.
The consonants |hl|, |hm|, |hny|, |hn|, |hy|, |ny|, |qc|, |qk|, |qp|, |qt|,
|qz|, and |q| are long; all the others are short.
--- What about long fricatives? ---
Long Vowels and Possible Diphthongs
| _i _u _e _o _a
----+--------------------------
i_ | ii (iu / ie)? io?
u_ | ui uu
e_ | (ei / eu) ee eo ea?
o_ | (oi / ou?/ oe) oo oa?
a_ | (ai / au / ae) ao aa
This gives 5 long vowels and from 6 to 10 diphthongs.
PROSODY AND SYLLABLES
Each short consonant counts as 0 moras before a vowel, and as 1 mora otherwise.
Each long consonant counts as 1 mora before a vowel, and as 2 moras otherwise.
Each vowel counts as 1 mora.
Notation
Vocalic
1 V vowel
1 W glide or length
Consonantal
0 C short consonant or onset cluster; can be null after L
1 R [Z]
1 S short consonant ([l], nasal, or voiceless fricative)
nasal is homorganic
1 K short consonant (voiceless stop or affricate)
2 L long consonant
Syllable Types
1 CV
2 CVW
2 CVR
2 CVK
2 CVS
2/3 CVL 2 if followed by null-onset syllable, else 3
3 CVWR
3 CVWK
3 CVSK
Syllables ending in R are never followed by voiceless onsets and those ending
in K or a voiceless fricative are never followed by voiced onsets.
Additionally, a word can begin with a non-syllabic mora.
No more than 2 consecutive consonantal moras can occur medially, and no more
than 1 initially or finally.
State Diagram for Moric Types
| C CV V #
----+-------------- ---------
1 | 2 3 - - #
2 | - 3 - - C, CVCC
3 | 4 3 5 0 CV
4 | 2 3 - 0 CVC
5 | 6 3 - 0 CVV
6 | - 3 - 0 CVVC
APPENDIX: PHONETIC TO ORTHOGRAPHIC
Consonants | stops affricat. fricat. nasal lateral aprx.
| VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd VL Vd Vd
--------------+-------------------------------------------------
bilabial | p b hm m
labiodental | f
dental | t d hn n hl l
alveolar | z s
postalveolar | c j x r
palatal | h/y* hny ny y
velar | k g h hn n
labiovelar | w
glottal | q h
Vowels
| front central back
------------+---------------------
high | i
high, lax | u
close-mid | o
(open-)mid | e
low | a
* h, y, or hy, for onsets, codas, and geminates, respectively.
Whether (row label) can be followed by (column label)
Legend
_ undecided
(blank) no
1 yes
2 digraph
3 |y| == [C] (vowel never follows)
4 yes, if appropriate vowel follows
5 3 or 4
9 ?
| p t k q z c b d g j f s x h r m n l y w i e a o u ---+--------------------------------------------------------------------------- p | 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t | 1 9 1 1 _ 9 1 9 9 1 _ 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 k | 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 q | 9 9 9 9 1 1 9 9 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 z | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 9 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 c | 1 9 1 1 9 1 9 9 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 b | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d | 1 1 1 1 1 1 g | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j | 9 1 1 1 1 1 f | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 1 s | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 r | _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 m | 1 1 1 9 _ _ 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l | 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 y | 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 _ 3 1 1 1 1 w | 1 1 1 9 9 i | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 9 9 9 9 e | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 9 1 9 9 9 a | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 9 9 1 9 9 o | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 9 9 9 1 9 u | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 9 9 9 9 1
